SuperFast Biography of Albert Einstein
Quick and easy summaries of relativity and related subjects
Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879, in the city of Ulm, Germany, was a theoretical
physicist who revolutionized scientific thought. His parents were secular, middle-class
Jews. He had one sister, Maria (who went by the name Maja), born two years after
Albert. He moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship the
following year at the age of 16. Best known for developing the Theory of Relativity, he
also made important contributions to quantum mechanics.
Einstein’s fascination with science began at age five when he was mystified by the
invisible forces that could deflect a compass's needle. At age 12, he discovered a book
of geometry, which he devoured, calling it his “sacred little geometry book”.
In 1905, often described as his annus mirabilis (year of miracles or wonders), Einstein
published four groundbreaking papers:
Outlining the theory of the photoelectric effect - the emission of electrons from a
material, typically a metal, when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation such as
light.
An explanation of Brownian motion - the random motion of particles suspended
in a liquid or a gas, caused by collisions with fast-moving atoms or molecules.
The Special Theory of Relativity - Which revolutionizes our understanding of
space and time.
Deriving the formula E = mc
2
- Which demonstrates that mass and energy are
equivalent to each other.
For much of the last phase of his academic life, Einstein worked on two endeavors that
proved ultimately unsuccessful. Firstly, he fought a long rearguard action against
quantum theory’s introduction of fundamental randomness into science’s picture of the
world, famously objecting that "God does not play dice". Secondly, he attempted to
devise a unified field theory by generalizing his geometric theory of gravitation to
include electromagnetism. As a result, he became increasingly isolated from the
mainstream of modern physics.
Widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time, he died
on April 18, 1955, in Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. He married twice and had three
children.
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SuperFast Biography
Albert Einstein